git revert

git revert: revert changes from a specific commit.

git revert creates a new commit that reverses the changes made by the specified commit, effectively canceling out its effects without altering the commit history.

The purpose of git revert is to provide a safe and clean way to undo changes in a repository without rewriting its history. This is particularly useful in collaborative environments, where rewriting history (e.g., using git reset) can cause confusion and conflicts for other developers working on the same project.

When you use git revert, Git creates a new commit that contains the inverse of the changes made in the original commit. This new commit is then added to the repository's history, leaving a clear record of both the original changes and their reversal.

git revert is especially helpful when you need to undo a specific change that was introduced in a previous commit without affecting any of the commits that came after it. This allows you to surgically remove a problematic change while preserving the integrity of your commit history.

Examples

Let's say you have a commit history like this:

a1b2c3d (HEAD -> main) Update README
b2c3d4e Fix typo in main code
c3d4e5f Add new feature
2a291cc Initial commit

If you want to revert the Fix typo in main code commit (b2c3d4e), you can use git revert:

git revert b2c3d4e

This will open your default text editor, asking you to enter a commit message for the revert commit. After you save and close the editor, Git will create a new commit that reverses the changes made in b2c3d4e:

f4b5a62 (HEAD -> main) Revert "Fix typo in main code"
a1b2c3d Update README
b2c3d4e Fix typo in main code
c3d4e5f Add new feature
2a291cc Initial commit

Now, the effects of the Fix typo in main code commit have been undone, but the commit itself is still part of the history, and a new commit has been created to record the reversal of its changes.